The Roman Senate started life as an advisory council, filled entirely with patricians. In the last two centuries of the republic, however, it had become much more powerful and a major player in ...

Augustus, though careful to preserve the appearance of republican institutions, held ultimate authority, effectively making ...

In the first century BC, Rome was a republic. Power lay in the hands of the Senate, elected by Roman citizens. But the senators were fighting for power between themselves. Order had given way to ...

According to the law of the Roman Republic, any provincial governor leading ... Alarmed by his growing power, the Senate ordered Caesar to set aside his command. Caesar had no intention of obeying ...

While the fall of the Roman Republic seemed inevitable in hindsight ... and the actual state of things were clearly different. The Senate survived his ascension, but Octavian—now Augustus ...

Violence exploding in public spaces, corruption by political figures and economic elites, the will of the people thwarted in both elections and votes in the senate ... a republic in disarray. These ...