SEM stands for scanning electron microscope. The SEM is a microscope that uses electrons instead of light to form an image. Since their development in the early 1950's, scanning electron microscopes ...

Much like the traditional scanning electron microscope (SEM), the field emission scanning electron microscope uses electrons to illuminate a sample, instead of visible light as is used in optical ...

In principle, the specimen is surrounded by heavy metal atoms that act as an electron barrier ... Routinely used negative staining solutions are Phosphotungstic acid (KPT), 1% pH 6.5 and 2% pH 7.5 1% ...