6,7 CI can be treated with convergence exercises – pencil push-ups (figure 1), computerised vision therapy, prism glasses or strabismus surgery if severe, but uncommon. The orthoptic exercises are ...

The superior oblique muscle plays a crucial role in eye movement, particularly in rotating the eye inward and downward. By ...

The three most useful convergence exercises are the pencil push-ups, the physiologic diplopia exercises (also known as jump exercises), and the prism convergence exercises. Pencil push-ups consist ...

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of home-based computer therapy for symptomatic convergence insufficiency (CI) compared to traditional home-based near target push-ups and ...