Much heartache is to be saved by using an off-the-shelf design, and only the foolhardy ... and for [Adam Gulyas] that start came with a 2.4 GHz patch antenna. His write-up is a fascinating tale ...

These are a PCB with a metal can on board, and their reverse side has a patch antenna array. They work on a frequency ... here’s how to design one for a lower frequency.

Figure 2: (a) patch antenna array design using AXIEM for planar EM simulation and (b) system-level simulation of a phased array. Recent work from Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR) students led by ...