Even to the heartland of European civilization, then still clustered around the Mediterranean ... ² Geographically, Europe claimed the splintering western flank of the great Eurasian landmass. It ...

But beneath its vibrant festivals and timeless monuments lies a treasure trove of inventions and discoveries that ... unparalleled contributions to global civilization. From zero to surgery ...

In Mesopotamia, the birthplace of civilization, the earliest known ... s been a link between the cylinder seal system and the invention of writing. The seals were also used as an accounting ...