The following is a summary of “Unmasking High-Output Heart Failure: Beyond Conventional Paradigms,” published in the January ...
The pathophysiology of chronic heart failure (HF) exists when either the ... impaired cardiac function constitute a negative feedback cycle that is an integral part of the HF syndrome and, to ...
The pathophysiology of how hyperkalemia develops is typically multifactorial. In patients with CHF, hyperkalemia relates to variable contributions from two controlling processes: alterations in ...
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