In the Ottoman era, “Turk” essentially meant “Muslim.” A Catholic Albanian, a Greek Orthodox, or a Jew who converted to Islam ...

While Ataturk had condemned the extermination of ... But rather than arresting the imperial decay, the Young Turks actually accelerated it, suffering a string of humiliating defeats in the first ...

Frustration with the west is understandably leading some Turks to look east; the results are more likely to vindicate Ataturk’s view of Turkish national strategy than to refute it. ~Walter ...