Caption The mechanism by which Antarctic Bottom Water is formed as a result of high sea ice production off the coast of Cape Darnley, Antarctica. A large amount of sea ice is formed downstream of ...

such as the generation of Antarctic bottom water, which cools and ventilates much of the global ocean abyss.” ...

These subs have proven their capabilities in various sea trials but the Antarctic venture was the first full science expedition, proper. Bottom-water is generated at the margin of the continent ...

"Overturning brings up nutrients that have sunk down to the bottom when organisms ... However, results suggest deep water circulation in the Antarctic could slow at twice the rate of decline ...

When the submarine finally got to the bottom of the lake, the team used its high-resolution cameras to take pictures. They also measured the salinity and temperature, and collected lake water ...